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Zero Jigen (Zero Dimension)

From the filming of Nippon ’69 SEX Ryoki Chitai (Bizarre Sex Zone), directed by Nakajima Sadao (1969) © Zero Jigen Katō Yoshihiro Archive

From the filming of Nippon ’69 SEX Ryoki Chitai (Bizarre Sex Zone), directed by Nakajima Sadao (1969) © Zero Jigen Katō Yoshihiro Archive

ZERO JIGEN

Zero Jigen (Zero Dimension) was an avant-garde arts group formed in Nagoya in the early 1960s, with Yoshihiro Katō and Shinichi Iwata as its core members. Beginning with Haitsukubari kōshin (Crawling Procession), staged in January 1963 in the Sakae district of Nagoya, over a long period of time they executed an extraordinary number of performances known as “Rituals” in Tokyo and elsewhere. These took place on the streets and at various public sites with many people coming and going – at a public bath, on a train, at a shrine, in a cemetery, at a May Day (International Workers’ Day) event – and the group expressed ideas and generated situations by exposing their bodies to society at large, rather than limiting their activities to conventional art venues such as museums and galleries. Their performances simultaneously incorporated items embodying indigenous Japanese customs and rituals, such as sticks of incense, futons, and auspicious red-and-white ropes, and those representing the West such as hats, suits, and walking sticks, capturing Japan’s current state during an era of rapid, ever-accelerating economic growth.

The group was also aligned with the burgeoning underground film movement, and its members appeared in many works by avant-garde filmmakers, including Miyai Rikuro’s Phenomenology of the Zeitgeist, Okabe Michio’s Crazy Love, Donald Richie’s Cybele, Kanai Katsu’s The Desert Archipelago, and Matsumoto Toshio’s Funeral Parade of Roses.

As Expo ’70 Osaka approached, Zero Jigen joined Kokuin (Heralding Shadow) and others in forming Banpaku Hakai Kyōtō-ha (Expo ’70 Destruction Joint-Struggle Group) in opposition to the event. With their naked bodies, they raised a banner of revolt against systems of control by the state and capital.

In 1970 Katō began directing films, producing The White Hare of Inaba with cinematography by the filmmaker Ōe Masanori, followed by Brahmin, which brought his creative activities to fruition. Throughout the countercultural era of the 1960s, Zero Jigen presented a new vision of an arts collective as a human community.

〈ゼロ次元〉は、加藤好弘、岩田信市らを中心として1960年代初頭に名古屋で誕生した前衛藝術集団。1963年1月の名古屋栄町における「はいつくばり行進」を皮切りに、東京や各地で「儀式」と称したパフォーマンスを長期にわたり膨大な回数行なった。その活動の現場は、街頭をはじめ、公衆浴場、電車内、神社、墓地、メーデー会場といった大衆の行き交う場であり、美術館や画廊といった“美術”における既存の作品発表の場に止まらず、社会そのものに肉体を曝すことで表現と状況を発生させた。パフォーマンスには、線香や蒲団、紅白綱といった日本の土着性、祝祭性が表れる物品と、帽子やスーツ、ステッキといった西洋的なイメージを連想させる物品を同時に用いることで、高度経済成長という一方向に加速する時代を共時的に捉えていった。

 また、アンダーグラウンド・フィルム運動とも呼応し、宮井陸郎『時代精神の現象学』、岡部道男『クレイジー・ラブ』、ドナルド・リチー『シベール』、金井勝『無人列島』、松本俊夫『薔薇の葬列』など、多くの映像作家の作品に出演している。

 1970年の大阪万博が迫ると、〈ゼロ次元〉は、活動を共にしていた〈告陰〉らとともに〈万博破壊共闘派〉を結成。裸の肉体をもって国家・資本による管理システムに叛旗を翻した。

 1970年には、加藤が監督となり、撮影に映像作家のおおえまさのりを迎えた『いなばの白うさぎ』、続けて『バラモン』を制作。その活動を映画作品として結実させた。こうして60年代のカウンターカルチャーの時代を経て、〈ゼロ次元〉は「共同体」としての新たなるビジョンを提示していく。

Bio written by Shūhei Hosoya


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